Fistulas are abnormal connections between two body parts, such as blood vessels, organs, and intestines. They form when infection, inflammation, or injury creates a tunnel between these structures. There are many types of fistulas, but the most common type of fistula is between the skin near the anus and the end of the bowel. Others occur between the intestine and skin, bladder, and vagina. Fistulas can be uncomfortable and painful and can be accompanied by discharge, swelling, etc.
Some of the fistulas are minor and close on their own, while others require medication or surgery. It is important that you recognize the symptoms early and look for the right diagnosis. It is not recommended to live with a fistula without proper medical attention.
Different Types Of Fistulas
Fistulas develop in various parts of the body, and some of the common types are listed below.
- An anal fistula connects the anal canal to the skin around the anus. They occur because of infections in the anal gland.
- Enterovaginal fistulas connect the intestine to the vagina and cause bowel leakage.
- Enterocutaneous fistulas form between the skin and the intestine, while vesicointestinal fistulas link the bladder and the intestine, which causes urinary tract issues.
- Each type of fistula is different and requires a different medical approach. It is important to understand the type of fistula first so that the right treatment is important. It’s vital to get the right treatment to avoid further infections.
Common Causes Of Reading Fistula Formation
Fistulas can form due to many types of conditions, such as bowel diseases. Chronic inflammation damages the lining of the intestine and creates openings that connect to other organs or the skin. Infections such as HIV or tuberculosis can lead to fistula formation. In women during childbirth, due to prolonged labor, there may be rectovaginal fistulas. In addition to that, surgeries around the abdomen or pelvic area can cause fistulas. Understanding all these causes is important so that you can avoid the formation of painful fistulas.
Symptoms
The symptoms of fistula depend on its location. Though some of the common symptoms include discharge, pain, swelling, and recurrent infections. An anal fistula causes pus near that area, painful bowel movements, or irritation. Patients might experience fatigue and fever if the fistula gets infected. In cases of Enterovaginal fistulas, stool may leak from the vagina, which causes a foul smell and odor. If you experience any unusual discharge or discomfort, then you should definitely consult a doctor.
Diagnosis Of Fistulas
Accurate diagnosis of fistula is important so that the right treatment is provided to the one in need. The first and foremost is a physical examination and a review of the medical history of the patient. Anal fistulas are detected through a rectal exam, and other tests like MRI, CT scans, fistulography, etc have to be conducted. Some of the fistulas are internal between the bladder and the vagina or the bowel and need to be examined through endoscopy in order to visualize the affected area. Along with this, blood tests are also conducted to look for other infections as well.
Treatment
The treatment of fistulas depends on their size, location, and type. If there is a minor fistula, then it can be treated through medications and care. Moreover, if the fistula is deep, then surgical intervention is required. In cases of inflammatory bowel diseases, doctors provide anti-inflammatory drugs to control and reduce the risk of future fistulas. Regular follow-ups are important to ensure that there is proper healing.
Fistulas may seem like a minor issue at first, but if proper care is not taken, then it can lead to serious health complications. Proper care and timely action can ensure safe recovery.